According to a report in Bloomberg, U.S. District Judge Richard Leon in Washington ruled on July 31 that the Federal Reserve considered information it shouldn’t have in arriving at its cap of 21 cents. Additionally, Bloomberg reporter Tom Schoenberg writes that Leon’s ruling determined that the Fed did not sufficiently foster competition among the card networks that levy the fees. “The board’s final rule not only fails to carry out Congress’s intention; it effectively countermands it!” wrote Leon in his ruling.